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POWER ENGINEERING: economics, technique, ecology
ISSN 1813-5420 · e‑ISSN 2308-7382 Open Access · CC BY 4.0
Vol. · Issue 3 · 2026 Oct 12, 2026 LIBERALIZED MARKETS OF ENERGY

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS (BESS) IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET

AP
Anton Prasol Corresponding National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Ukraine
Pages169-178 PublishedOct 12, 2026 LicenseOpen Access
PDF (Ukrainian)
VOL · ISS 3 · 2026 85 View issue

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to identify the gaps in the legal regulation of the use of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the electricity market that are relevant to the security of electricity supply, and to prioritise them as an analytical basis for further improvement of the regulatory framework. The method of implementation is a functional comparative-legal analysis, in which the norms of the two legal orders are compared by the regulatory function they perform rather than by the similarity of their wording, and are assessed against four criteria: the existence of a corresponding provision, functional equivalence, the level at which the requirement is fixed, and the existence of an implementation mechanism. The empirical basis comprises EU primary law (Directive 2019/944, Regulation 2019/943), the ENTSO-E grid codes (SOGL, EBGL, RfG), the standardisation and cybersecurity layer (EN 50549, IEC 62933, NIS2, IEC 62443), and the Law of Ukraine “On the Electricity Market” with its key amendments of 2022–2025 and the secondary legislation of the NEURC. The results of the study show that Ukraine has implemented the core of EU primary law, namely the definition of storage, the status of the storage operator, the ownership unbundling of system operators, non-discriminatory access and the netting principle for grid charges, while the technical requirements of SOGL became effective through synchronisation with ENTSO-E. The conclusions are that three substantial gaps remain in the reliability dimension: the absence of an analogue to Article 32 of Directive 2019/944 on incentives for distribution system operators to procure flexibility services; the incomplete regulation of the cybersecurity of EMS/BMS control software and hardware together with the non-adoption of IEC 62443; and the fragmentary adoption of the IEC 62933 series. Ref. 20, 2 tables.

Keywords

#energy storage system #ESS #BESS #electric grid reliability #comparative legal analysis #flexibility services #ancillary services

References

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Copyright (c) 2026 Anton Prasol

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