Switching DC voltage regulators are widely used to regulate the average value of DC voltage at a load. The most important characteristic of any regulator is its regulating characteristic. In the case of power from traditional sources of electricity, it is often assumed that the load resistance is much greater than the internal resistance of the source. Therefore, it is not taken into account in the calculations, assuming that the resistance is zero. In the case of the use of non-traditional and renewable energy sources, which have limited power, the internal resistance of the source and the load resistance are values of the same order. In such cases, the internal resistance of the source significantly affects the type of regulatory characteristic and must be taken into account. In the literature, the regulatory characteristics of various types of pulse regulators are analyzed in detail for the case when the resistance is zero. There are works in which the regulatory characteristics of individual types of pulse regulators are analyzed taking into account the internal resistance of the power source for the case when this resistance is linear. However, the internal resistance of alternative and renewable sources of electricity is often substantially non-linear. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for determining the regulatory characteristics of pulse regulators taking into account the nonlinearity of the internal resistance of its power sources and analysis of the obtained characteristics. The paper considers approaches to determining the regulatory characteristics of pulse regulators, taking into account the internal resistance of their power sources. It is proposed that the nonlinearity of the internal resistance of the source be taken into account using its output characteristic. The operating point on this characteristic is determined by the load resistance. If a pulse regulator is connected to the power source, the load of the source will be the input resistance of the regulation, which depends on the load resistance, as well as the relative time of the closed (open) state of the switch. A pulse regulator can be considered as a transformer of constant voltage and current. Therefore, the load resistance can be assigned to the input of the pulse regulator, and its value will depend on the duty cycle of the pulses. Based on this, a methodology for determining the regulatory characteristics of pulse regulators is proposed taking into account the nonlinearity of the internal resistance of their power source. Using az example of a step-down voltage regulator, using the developed methodology, we determined and analyzed a family of regulating characteristics for various values of the regulator load resistance. The conditions for ensuring the transfer of maximum power from the power source to the load are analyzed. The obtained characteristics are valid for the continuous current mode in the inductance of the regulation. A method for determining the inductance of the reactor of the regulator, in which it provides a continuous current mode in the entire control range is considered.
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