This paper analyzes electromagnetic phenomena in the key components of autonomous power supply microsystems, enabling the construction of their mathematical models. Photovoltaic source modeling is based on an equivalent circuit that relevantly accounts for the non-linear nature of the I-V characteristic and its sensitivity to environmental changes. The expediency of applying a modified dynamic model for lithium-ion batteries is demonstrated. A mathematical description of the battery terminal voltage dynamics during charge-discharge cycles is presented, incorporating the effects of polarization phenomena and the current state of charge (SOC). Through simulation modeling, the pronounced non-linearity of both energy sources is proven, necessitating the application of intelligent control algorithms. The circuitry and operational features of a bidirectional DC-DC converter are examined. It is substantiated that the significant non-linearity of the static and dynamic properties of the power unit precludes ensuring stable system operation using linear PID controllers across the full load range. It is determined that overcoming this problem lies in creating an adaptive control loop based on the fuzzy logic apparatus, which is the focus of further research.
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