Огляд газорозрядної гармати: фізичні основи, застосування та перспективи

Vadym I. Trokhymchuk; Serhii Borysovych Tuhai

doi:10.20535/2523-4455.mea.341617

Vol. 30 · Issue 3 · 2025 Dec 24, 2025 Review articles

Overview of the Gas Discharge Gun: Physical Foundations, Applications and Prospects

Vadym I. Trokhymchuk Corresponding Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» Ukraine

Serhii Borysovych Tuhai Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» Ukraine

Pages341617.1-341617.7 PublishedDec 24, 2025

PDF (Ukrainian)

VOL 30 · ISS 3 · 2025 View issue

Abstract

Pulsed gas-discharge guns are promising tools in modern electron beam processing technologies. These devices operate on the basis of a high-voltage glow discharge (HVGD) and are capable of generating high-power electron beams. The article provides an overview of existing gun designs, examines the physical processes of plasma formation and beam focusing, and describes the influence of design features on operational stability and thermal load. Special attention is paid to the influence of the working gas type on beam characteristics, the technological capabilities of the device, and prospects for improving discharge current control. The principles of constructing automated beam parameter control schemes that ensure stability in the pulsed mode are considered. Examples of practical applications of guns based on HVGD are provided.

Keywords

#gas discharge gun #high-voltage glow discharge (HVGD) #electron beam #triode system #electrode system (cathode–anode) #plasma processing #pulsed operation mode #vacuum technology #electron beam control system #electron-beam processing

References

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Melnyk I. V. Theoretical and experimental foundations of the design of technological gas-discharge electron sources: Dissertation of Doctor of Technical Sciences. Kyiv, 2008.
Tugay S.B. “Pulsed operating modes of technological electron-beam guns of high-voltage glow discharge”: Disertation Candidate of Technical Sciences. Kyiv, 2013.
Кrаvеz P. І. and Тugаi S. B., “Investigation of electron-optics characteristics of triode gas discharge electron gun with cold cathode”, Electronics and Communications, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 21–27, Sep. 2013. doi: https://doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2013.18.4.158020
I. V. Melnyk and A. V. Pochynok, “Algorithm of calculation of focal parameters of profile electron beams, formed by the gas-discharge electron guns”, System research and information technologies, no. 2, pp. 7–17, Jun. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.20535/SRIT.2308-8893.2019.2.01
Shnaider R. V. Application of dielectric coatings using electron beam evaporation methods. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/371f7ed2-897f-4469-9554-d1d59b3e84d9/content (date of application: 10/15/2025).
Meshkova T. I. “Gas discharge electron gun for silicon melting”: Master's thesis. NTUU "KPI", Kyiv, 2018. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/items/834ccc68-d307-4551-ba25-8de27890d3bb/full (date of application: 10/15/2025).
Melnyk I. V. “Cold cathode glow discharge electron gun”. URL: https://eds.kpi.ua/?page_id=6978 (date of application: 10/15/2025).
Mokritskyi Y. A. “Gas-discharge electron gun for melting metals”. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/5df1424b-eace-448b-819d-56d4bfb53cc1/content (date of application: 10/15/2025).
Kuzmychev A. I. “Gas-discharge systems with secondary emitters for electronic equipment”. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/bitstream/123456789/23237/1/Kuzmichev_diss.pdf (date of application: 10/15/2025).
Tugay S. B., Melnyk I. V. “Development and research of a powerful gas-discharge electron gun for use in electron-beam technology for obtaining refractory and chemically active materials”. Materials of the conference of NTUU "I. Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". 2020.
Kovalchuk D., Melnyk I., Tugai S.. Prospects of application of gas-discharge electron beam guns in additive manufacturing. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electron Beam Technology, 2016.
D. Kovalchuk, “Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Articles 3D-Printed with Co-axial Electron Beam and Wire Technology”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 5307–5322, Apr. 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05770-9
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1-10 of 49 Next

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[1] S. Denbnovetskyi, V. Melnyk, I. Melnyk, and B. Tugai, “Gas discharge electron beam vaporizer for deposition nanostructured coatings”, Electronics and Communications, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 64–67, Mar. 2011. doi: https://doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2011.16.3.265029 .

[2] Melnyk I. V. Theoretical and experimental foundations of the design of technological gas-discharge electron sources: Dissertation of Doctor of Technical Sciences. Kyiv, 2008.

[3] Tugay S.B. “Pulsed operating modes of technological electron-beam guns of high-voltage glow discharge”: Disertation Candidate of Technical Sciences. Kyiv, 2013.

[4] Кrаvеz P. І. and Тugаi S. B., “Investigation of electron-optics characteristics of triode gas discharge electron gun with cold cathode”, Electronics and Communications, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 21–27, Sep. 2013. doi: https://doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2013.18.4.158020

[5] I. V. Melnyk and A. V. Pochynok, “Algorithm of calculation of focal parameters of profile electron beams, formed by the gas-discharge electron guns”, System research and information technologies, no. 2, pp. 7–17, Jun. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.20535/SRIT.2308-8893.2019.2.01

[6] Shnaider R. V. Application of dielectric coatings using electron beam evaporation methods. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/371f7ed2-897f-4469-9554-d1d59b3e84d9/content (date of application: 10/15/2025).

[7] Meshkova T. I. “Gas discharge electron gun for silicon melting”: Master's thesis. NTUU "KPI", Kyiv, 2018. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/items/834ccc68-d307-4551-ba25-8de27890d3bb/full (date of application: 10/15/2025).

[8] Melnyk I. V. “Cold cathode glow discharge electron gun”. URL: https://eds.kpi.ua/?page_id=6978 (date of application: 10/15/2025).

[9] Mokritskyi Y. A. “Gas-discharge electron gun for melting metals”. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/5df1424b-eace-448b-819d-56d4bfb53cc1/content (date of application: 10/15/2025).

[10] Kuzmychev A. I. “Gas-discharge systems with secondary emitters for electronic equipment”. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/bitstream/123456789/23237/1/Kuzmichev_diss.pdf (date of application: 10/15/2025).

[11] Tugay S. B., Melnyk I. V. “Development and research of a powerful gas-discharge electron gun for use in electron-beam technology for obtaining refractory and chemically active materials”. Materials of the conference of NTUU "I. Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". 2020.

[12] Kovalchuk D., Melnyk I., Tugai S.. Prospects of application of gas-discharge electron beam guns in additive manufacturing. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electron Beam Technology, 2016.

[13] D. Kovalchuk, “Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Articles 3D-Printed with Co-axial Electron Beam and Wire Technology”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 5307–5322, Apr. 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05770-9

[14] xBeam 3D Metal Printing. 2021. URL: https://xbeam3d.com/ (date of application: 10/15/2025).

[15] Hrytsenko P. V. “Current control system of a gas discharge gun”. URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/2cd27229-4641-4c46-af9c-5963e54cdf34/content (date of application: 10/15/2025).

Overview of the Gas Discharge Gun: Physical Foundations, Applications and Prospects

Abstract

Keywords

References

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