ЕЛЕКТРОХІМІЧНЕ ПОКРИТТЯ ПОРОШКОВОГО ЗАЛІЗА В ТЕРМОГАЛЬВАНІЧНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТАХ

Katherina D. Pershina; Alexandr V. Kravchenko; Ivan M. Shcherbatuik

doi:10.20535/kpi-sn.2019.1.158840

Vol. · Issue 1 · 2019 Mar 19, 2019 article

THE ELECTROCHEMICAL FACING OF POWDER IRON FOR THERMOGALVANIC ELEMENTS

Katherina D. Pershina Corresponding Joint Department of Electrochemical Energy Systems, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine

Alexandr V. Kravchenko Joint Department of Electrochemical Energy Systems, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine

Ivan M. Shcherbatuik Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Ukraine

Pages76-82 PublishedMar 19, 2019

PDF (Ukrainian)

KPISN 1 VOL · 1

VOL · ISS 1 · 2019 No. 1 (2019) View issue

Abstract

Background. The oxygen impact for electrochemical formation of surface structures on iron particles is not sufficiently taken into account in the production technology of composite electrodes for thermogalvanic energy sources; the main conditions of the performance improvement are considered.

Objective. The aim of the paper is to define the electrochemical conditions of oxide layers formation on the surface of the iron powder composite electrode with the presence of oxygen in neutral and basic media.

Methods. For better performance of the oxygen impact the study of composite electrodes was conducted in open air and inert atmosphere, the assembly of cells with composite electrodes was carried out on air in two versions: hermetic and perforated. Electrochemical studies were carried out on the electrochemical module Autolab 30 PGSTAT301N Metrohm Autolab using 3-electrode cells. The microtexture of the iron powder during redox reactions was examined using a high resolution scanning electron microscope Mira 3 FESEM Tescan USA Inc. on a cathode with field emission at SEM HV-10 KeV and automatic measurement on the image. The analytical regime of the scanning microscope was used to determine the surface components distribution and their degrees of oxidation.

Results. It was determined that with a low oxygen partial pressure in potential range from - 0.23 to - 0.88 V surface iron structure has two stages of organization: 1 – mosaic stage with partial covering of iron surface FeO and Fe₂O₃; 2 – transformation of mosaic structure into core–shell structure. Under a high oxygen partial pressure and cathodic potential > - 0.88 V thick iron oxide layers have been formed on the surface structure of iron particles. Thus, the oxygen partial pressure has a key role in electrochemical formation of nanolayers on the surface of iron particles and realizes the thermoelectrochemical activity of composite electrodes.

Keywords

#Iron #Carbon #Composite electrode #Oxygen #Coatings #Electrochemical formation

References

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J. Sanders and P. Gallagher, “Thermomagnetometric evidence of γ-Fe 2 O 3 as an intermediate in the oxidation of magnetite”, Thermochimica Acta , vol. 406, no. 1-2, pp. 241–243, 2003. doi: 10.1016/s0040-6031(03)00250-8
R. Doyle and M. Lyons, “Kinetics and mechanistic aspects of the oxygen evolution reaction at hydrous iron oxide films in base”, J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol. 160, no. 2, pp. H142–H154, 2013. doi: 10.1149/2.015303jes
J. Roberts et al. , “Solution voltammetry of 4 nm magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol. 136, no. 30, pp. 10783–10789, 2014. doi: 10.1021/ja505562p
D. Chen et al. , “Polycrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by C-dot-mediated aggregation and reduction for supercapacitor application”, RSC Advances , vol. 6, no. 51, pp. 45023–45030, 2016. doi: 10.1039/c6ra05968f
G. Cepriá et al. , “Identification of iron(III) oxides and hydroxy-oxides by voltammetry of immobilised microparticles”, Anal. Chim. Acta , vol. 477, no. 1, pp. 157–168, 2003. doi: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01371-5
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H. Bülter et al. , “Electrochemical analysis of nanostructured iron oxides using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy”, Electrochimica Acta , vol. 222, pp. 1326–1334, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.108
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T. Grygar et al. , “Electrochemical dissolution of goethite by abrasive stripping voltammetry”, Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications , vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 950–959, 1995. doi: 10.1135/cccc19950950
T. Grygar, “The electrochemical dissolution of iron(III) and chromium(III) oxides and ferrites under conditions of abrasive stripping voltammetry”, J. Electroanal. Chem. , vol. 405, no. 1-2, pp. 117–125, 1996. doi: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04404-3
P. Birkin et al. , “Electrochemical reduction of oxygen on mesoporous platinum microelectrodes”, Chem. Commun. , no. 17, pp. 1693–1694, 2000. doi: 10.1039/b004468g
A. Doménech et al. , “Electrochemical characterization of iron sites in ex-framework FeZSM-5”, J. Electroanal. Chem. , vol. 519, no. 1-2, pp. 72–84, 2002. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00724-0
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[1] M. Abd Elhamid et al. , “Autocatalytic reduction of hematite with hydrogen under conditions of surface control: A vacancy-based mechanism”, J. Solid State Chem. , vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 249–254, 1996. doi: 10.1006/jssc.1996.0175

[2] J. Sanders and P. Gallagher, “Thermomagnetometric evidence of γ-Fe 2 O 3 as an intermediate in the oxidation of magnetite”, Thermochimica Acta , vol. 406, no. 1-2, pp. 241–243, 2003. doi: 10.1016/s0040-6031(03)00250-8

[3] R. Doyle and M. Lyons, “Kinetics and mechanistic aspects of the oxygen evolution reaction at hydrous iron oxide films in base”, J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol. 160, no. 2, pp. H142–H154, 2013. doi: 10.1149/2.015303jes

[4] J. Roberts et al. , “Solution voltammetry of 4 nm magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol. 136, no. 30, pp. 10783–10789, 2014. doi: 10.1021/ja505562p

[5] D. Chen et al. , “Polycrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by C-dot-mediated aggregation and reduction for supercapacitor application”, RSC Advances , vol. 6, no. 51, pp. 45023–45030, 2016. doi: 10.1039/c6ra05968f

[6] G. Cepriá et al. , “Identification of iron(III) oxides and hydroxy-oxides by voltammetry of immobilised microparticles”, Anal. Chim. Acta , vol. 477, no. 1, pp. 157–168, 2003. doi: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01371-5

[7] C. Bamford and R. Compton, Electrode Kinetics: Principles and Methodology . Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 1986.

[8] R. McKerracher et al. , “A review of the iron-air secondary battery for energy storage”, ChemPlusChem , vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 323–335, 2014. doi: 10.1002/cplu.201402238

[9] H. Bülter et al. , “Electrochemical analysis of nanostructured iron oxides using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy”, Electrochimica Acta , vol. 222, pp. 1326–1334, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.108

[10] A. Bard et al. , Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution . New York: Dekker, 1985.

[11] T. Grygar et al. , “Electrochemical dissolution of goethite by abrasive stripping voltammetry”, Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications , vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 950–959, 1995. doi: 10.1135/cccc19950950

[12] T. Grygar, “The electrochemical dissolution of iron(III) and chromium(III) oxides and ferrites under conditions of abrasive stripping voltammetry”, J. Electroanal. Chem. , vol. 405, no. 1-2, pp. 117–125, 1996. doi: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04404-3

[13] P. Birkin et al. , “Electrochemical reduction of oxygen on mesoporous platinum microelectrodes”, Chem. Commun. , no. 17, pp. 1693–1694, 2000. doi: 10.1039/b004468g

[14] A. Doménech et al. , “Electrochemical characterization of iron sites in ex-framework FeZSM-5”, J. Electroanal. Chem. , vol. 519, no. 1-2, pp. 72–84, 2002. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00724-0

[15] T. Quickenden, “A review of power generation in aqueous thermogalvanic cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol. 142, no. 11, p. 3985, 1995. doi: 10.1149/1.2048446

THE ELECTROCHEMICAL FACING OF POWDER IRON FOR THERMOGALVANIC ELEMENTS

Abstract

Keywords

References

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