ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ НАПРУГИ ON-GRID МІКРОМЕРЕЖІ З СОНЯЧНОЮ ГЕНЕРАЦІЄЮ ШЛЯХОМ ДИНАМІЧНОГО ЗАРЯДЖАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОМОБІЛІВ

Богдан Пашкевич; Василь Калінчик

doi:10.20535/1813-5420.3.2026.368996

Vol. · Issue 3 · 2026 Oct 12, 2026 ENERGY SYSTEMS AND COMPLEXES

IMPROVING VOLTAGE QUALITY OF AN ON-GRID SOLAR MICROGRID THROUGH DYNAMIC ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Bohdan Pashkevych Corresponding National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Ukraine

Vasyl Kalinchyk National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Ukraine

Pages9-17 PublishedOct 12, 2026 LicenseOpen Access

PDF (Ukrainian)

VOL · ISS 3 · 2026 85 View issue

Abstract

The paper considers the impact of uncoordinated charging of electric vehicles in residential microgrids with solar generation. It is shown that such charging causes overloading of grid connection lines and unacceptable voltage deviations, while static charging schedules do not make use of surplus generation. A generalized algorithm for dynamic control of the electric vehicle charging current in an on-grid microgrid with limited connection capacity has been developed and verified; the algorithm operates in real time without forecasting or model training. A mathematical model is proposed that is formulated in parametric form, with the key constraints specified as variables, which ensures the applicability of the method to an arbitrary household configuration. The increment of the voltage deviation caused by the installation's own load, rather than its absolute level, is used as the main control criterion, which separates the controllable impact of the charger from background fluctuations of the grid and is consistent with the regulation of rapid voltage changes. It is shown that for lines with significant equivalent resistance the governing constraint is the regulation of rapid voltage changes rather than the connection power limit. Experimental studies have been carried out. An increase in the efficiency of the onboard charger and a linear dependence of losses on the charging current have been established.

Keywords

#microgrid #solar power plant #electric vehicle #dynamic charging #self-consumption #rapid voltage changes #grid connection limit

References

Licari, J., Rhaili, S. E., Micallef, A., & Spiteri Staines, C. (2025). Addressing voltage regulation challenges in low voltage distribution networks with high renewable energy and electrical vehicles: A critical review. Energy Reports, 14, 2977–2997.
Tayri, A., & Ma, X. (2025). Grid impacts of electric vehicle charging: A review of challenges and mitigation strategies. Energies, 18(14), article number 3807. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143807.
Ahmed, F., Ahmad, S., Rahman, M. T., Hazari, M. R., Faiz, R., Ahmed, T., & Karimi, M. (2025). A holistic review of electric vehicle charging impacts on power distribution networks: Technical challenges, smart mitigation strategies and future directions. Applied Energy.
DSTU EN 50160:2014 "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks" (EN 50160:2010, IDT). (2014, October). Kyiv: Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine.
Camilleri, R., et al. (2024). Impacts of electric vehicles charging in low-voltage distribution networks: A case study in Malta. Energies, 17(2), article number 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020289.
Kundu, S., & Hiskens, I. A. (2014). Overvoltages due to synchronous tripping of plug-in electric-vehicle chargers following voltage dips. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 29(3), 1147–1156.
Natarajan, R., Selvaraj, J., Daniel, S., & Azerefegn, T. M. (2026). Optimized PI controller-based hybrid model for adaptive energy management in photovoltaic integrated electric vehicle charging microgrids. Scientific Reports, 16, article number 10341. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40839-2.
Tabassum, S., Vijay Babu, A. R., & Dheer, D. K. (2025). Adaptive energy management strategy for sustainable xEV charging stations in hybrid microgrid architecture. Science and Technology for Energy Transition, 80, article number 22. https://doi.org/10.2516/stet/2025002.
Barker, T., Ghosh, A., Sain, C., Ahmad, F., & Al-Fagih, L. (2024). Efficient ANFIS-driven power extraction and control strategies for PV-BESS integrated electric vehicle charging station. Renewable Energy Focus, 48, article number 100523.
Singh, S., Jagota, S., & Singh, M. (2018). Energy management and voltage stabilization in an islanded microgrid through an electric vehicle charging station. Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, 679–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.05.055.
Fernandez, V., & Pérez, V. (2024). Optimization of electric vehicle charging control in a demand-side management context: A model predictive control approach. Applied Sciences, 14(19), article number 8736. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198736.
Ranjbar, M., Baghaee, H. R., & Ramezani, A. (2026). Intelligent electric vehicle charging infrastructure: A comprehensive review of optimization, control, and grid integration strategies for sustainable mobility. Energy Strategy Reviews, 64, article number 102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2026.102124.
Albaba, M., Pierce, M., & Yeşilata, B. (2025). A real-world case study of solar PV integration for EV charging and residential energy demand in Ireland. Sustainability, 17(21), article number 9447. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219447.
SAE International. (2017). J1772: SAE electric vehicle and plug in hybrid electric vehicle conductive charge coupler (Rev. OCT2017). Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
Lee, Z. J., Lee, G., Lee, T., Jin, C., Lee, R., Low, Z., Chang, D., Ortega, C., & Low, S. H. (2021). Adaptive charging networks: A framework for smart electric vehicle charging. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 12(5), 4339–4350. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2021.3074437.

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Next in issue IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK TOPOLOGY MANAGEMENT

§ 06 — Related

[1] Licari, J., Rhaili, S. E., Micallef, A., & Spiteri Staines, C. (2025). Addressing voltage regulation challenges in low voltage distribution networks with high renewable energy and electrical vehicles: A critical review. Energy Reports, 14, 2977–2997.

[2] Tayri, A., & Ma, X. (2025). Grid impacts of electric vehicle charging: A review of challenges and mitigation strategies. Energies, 18(14), article number 3807. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143807.

[3] Ahmed, F., Ahmad, S., Rahman, M. T., Hazari, M. R., Faiz, R., Ahmed, T., & Karimi, M. (2025). A holistic review of electric vehicle charging impacts on power distribution networks: Technical challenges, smart mitigation strategies and future directions. Applied Energy.

[4] DSTU EN 50160:2014 "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks" (EN 50160:2010, IDT). (2014, October). Kyiv: Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine.

[5] Camilleri, R., et al. (2024). Impacts of electric vehicles charging in low-voltage distribution networks: A case study in Malta. Energies, 17(2), article number 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020289.

[6] Kundu, S., & Hiskens, I. A. (2014). Overvoltages due to synchronous tripping of plug-in electric-vehicle chargers following voltage dips. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 29(3), 1147–1156.

[7] Natarajan, R., Selvaraj, J., Daniel, S., & Azerefegn, T. M. (2026). Optimized PI controller-based hybrid model for adaptive energy management in photovoltaic integrated electric vehicle charging microgrids. Scientific Reports, 16, article number 10341. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40839-2.

[8] Tabassum, S., Vijay Babu, A. R., & Dheer, D. K. (2025). Adaptive energy management strategy for sustainable xEV charging stations in hybrid microgrid architecture. Science and Technology for Energy Transition, 80, article number 22. https://doi.org/10.2516/stet/2025002.

[9] Barker, T., Ghosh, A., Sain, C., Ahmad, F., & Al-Fagih, L. (2024). Efficient ANFIS-driven power extraction and control strategies for PV-BESS integrated electric vehicle charging station. Renewable Energy Focus, 48, article number 100523.

[10] Singh, S., Jagota, S., & Singh, M. (2018). Energy management and voltage stabilization in an islanded microgrid through an electric vehicle charging station. Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, 679–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.05.055.

[11] Fernandez, V., & Pérez, V. (2024). Optimization of electric vehicle charging control in a demand-side management context: A model predictive control approach. Applied Sciences, 14(19), article number 8736. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198736.

[12] Ranjbar, M., Baghaee, H. R., & Ramezani, A. (2026). Intelligent electric vehicle charging infrastructure: A comprehensive review of optimization, control, and grid integration strategies for sustainable mobility. Energy Strategy Reviews, 64, article number 102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2026.102124.

[13] Albaba, M., Pierce, M., & Yeşilata, B. (2025). A real-world case study of solar PV integration for EV charging and residential energy demand in Ireland. Sustainability, 17(21), article number 9447. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219447.

[14] SAE International. (2017). J1772: SAE electric vehicle and plug in hybrid electric vehicle conductive charge coupler (Rev. OCT2017). Warrendale, PA: SAE International.

[15] Lee, Z. J., Lee, G., Lee, T., Jin, C., Lee, R., Low, Z., Chang, D., Ortega, C., & Low, S. H. (2021). Adaptive charging networks: A framework for smart electric vehicle charging. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 12(5), 4339–4350. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2021.3074437.

IMPROVING VOLTAGE QUALITY OF AN ON-GRID SOLAR MICROGRID THROUGH DYNAMIC ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Abstract

Keywords

References

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