Vehicle with a battery with reduced weight and gross dimensions

Abstract

Modern types of electric vehicles – trolley buses and trams have limited mobility and require significant  funds for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure, and therefore can not replace the as the cheaper in operation and maintenance transport. Instead, electric buses have a significant cost due to a high capacity electric accumulator, and therefore can not be widely implemented in big cities. In this case it is advisable to use electric buses with small capacity batteries, which are charged at each stop. In the article, the total resistance force of the vehicle is calculated, consisting of the rolling resistance force, the lifting resistance and the air resistance and the engine inertia. The torque moment of the vehicle must be equal to or exceed the total strength of the resistance forces. Based on the calculation of energy we can conclude the: during acceleration, the vehicle will elaborate maximum power; at constant speed, the forces acting on the vehicle will be smaller than during acceleration period; when braking, there is a process of energy recuperation i.e. returning energy to electric network. From the time diagrams it is clear that the power during acceleration is much greater than at constant speed. Therefore, in practice at high speeds it is proposed to limiting acceleration, which reduces peak power. The demonstrated principle allows to significantly reduce the power of the traction system, which provides the vehicle’s movement. In order to estimate the capacity of the batter it is necessary to determine the energy consumed on the vehicle’s movement between the stops. It is assumed that the distance between the stops is one kilometer. Based on the calculations it can be concluded that the amount of required energy is significantly dependent on the angle of inclination of the road surface. The charge and discharge process of the battery system takes a short time. The discharge time corresponds to the travel time of the vehicle between stops of no more than 5 minutes and the charging time – the duration of the stop (up to one minute). Existing types of chemical accumulators can not provide such charge and discharge modes, there fore the capacity of such accumulators should be taken with the reserve, which offsets the advantages of the proposed system. In this case, as an element of energy accumulation it is expedient to use supercapacitors. Capacity C from the accumulator system is calculated for the range of operating voltages of the electric transport syste U = 400…600 V.  The calculated capacity of the system if energy accumulation on supercapacitors will provide the vehicle’s movement at the maximum lifting angle α = 18 degrees. 

Keywords

References

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Copyright (c) 2019 Ігор Андрійович Мартюхін, Максим В'ячеславович Білий (Автор)