Power management in MicroGrid  by cost criterion

Abstract

This paper presents the task of power consumption control system in electrotechnical system MicroGrid with distributed generation. The control is organized by the criterion of cost minimization. One of the modern approaches to energy consumption control is DSM (Demand-Side Management) that includes for control means: Load management, Energy efficiency, Energy conservation, and Fuel substitution. For MicroGrid the most perspective and achievable mean is the Load Management. The task of the overall MicroGrid control system is to continuously evaluate and prioritize loads to provide consistent and accorded management of working regimes and balance of power flows. The basis of management is the combination of the mathematical basis of optimization task in economics and electrotechnical aspects of MicroGrid functioning. The result of solving an optimization task, in which cost is used as a criterion, is the optimal control function of  the system as a whole. The model of general equilibrium is considered for the description of the system. As an example of  alternative energy source in MicroGrid, accumulator battery was considered and a combined system of economic and electrical equations was built. Electrical-cost models was also being built for all other MicroGrid devices: for energy sources – like models of "production of good", for loads – the "consumption" model. All possible modes of operation need to be analyzed and evaluated, while developing a general MicroGrid control algorithm. Using combinatorics methods, a table of MicroGrid modes was created, in which the states of all devices are specified. After that, an analysis of all modes occurs, resulting in a table of possible modes. Then there the mode with minimal cost function should be chosen. The nature of the load, as well as the types of connected generators (central power grid, PV cells and accumulator battery in two modes) are taken into account.  By generating the transmission paths from available generators and loads depending on the balance of generating and consumption capacities, the control system receives the necessary information on selecting a mode of operation that corresponds to the balance of power sources and loads, as well as the state of the battery. Finally, there is a selection of mode for the criterion of maximizing profit. Also, an algorithm for selecting the optimal mode of operation describing the stages was considered. The proposed approach to construction of power management system considers MicroGrid as a local "market" for production and energy consumption. It allows to manage the modes of work, taking into account the balance of power and costs of generation and consumption, as well as the nature of the connected loads and generators. 

Keywords

References

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Copyright (c) 2019 Андрій Володимирович Пікож (Автор)